Constrained shape optimization of free-form shells considering material creep

Shape optimization is an effective tool for designing free-form structures a variety of design objectives. Aiming at long-term structural performance, computational framework presented performing shape shells while considering material creep. The creep model incorporated into gradient-based algorithm using viscoelastic finite element model. Non-uniform rational B-spline (NURBS) employed to parameterize the geometric shapes shells. Optimization conducted minimizing shell volume subject constraints specified maximum displacement. results demonstrate that it necessary consider when made materials performance.